However, participants had significantly and meaningfully higher mental toughness ( M = 45.42, SD = 4.26, medium and large effect sizes) than athletes from other sports previously published. Mental toughness and self-efficacy did not significantly relate to ultra-marathon performance (mental toughness and self-efficacy with Ultra-Trail World Tour (UTWT) rank F(2, 53) = 0.738, p = 0.483 mental toughness and self-efficacy with likelihood would finish the HURT100 χ 2 = 0.56, p = 0.756 mental toughness and self-efficacy with HURT100 placing and time F(2, 53) = 1.738, p = 0.186 and F(2, 30) = 2.046, p = 0.147, respectively). Findings revealed mental toughness and self-efficacy are highly related constructs ( r(54) = 0.72, p < 0.001). The Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) and the Endurance Sport Self-Efficacy Scale (ESSES) were completed by 56 elite ultra-marathon runners in the HURT100 (38 males, 18 females M age = 38.86 years, SD age = 9.23). This study examined the relationships between mental toughness and self-efficacy with performance in an elite sample of ultra-marathon runners competing in the 2019 Hawaiian Ultra Running Team’s Trail 100-mile endurance run (HURT100). Minimal research has examined psychological processes underpinning ultra-marathon runners’ performance.
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